Effective treatment of the wastewater from ceramic industry using ceramic membranes

Abstract Emissions of organic compounds, heavy metals and chemicals used in the ceramic industry cause significant inorganic pollution water. The effluent must be treated before it is discharged into a water body. International EU laws control chemical oxygen demand (COD) wastewater. Conventional technologies, such as sedimentation, flocculation biological treatment, have lots drawbacks, whereas membrane technologies give many benefits, they are chemical-free allow reduction treatment steps. One-step wastewater nanofiltration with membranes 450 Da cut-off able to reduce COD sufficient level. However, working time without cleaning limited rejection can significantly reduced due fouling. Multistage filtration solution. Filtration experiments various combinations (MF, UF NF) were performed at laboratory scale single-channel pilot 7-, 19- 151-channel order permanently reach limit value below 80 mg/L increase operating time. Four types sequentially tested cross-flow mode: MF (200 nm pore size), (2,000 Da), NF (450 Da) Da). 5-day Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) tests examine biodegradability. test results showed that terms highest permeability, best combination was membranes. Here, values. As for multi-channel membranes, final concentration ranged from 11 48 mg/L. BOD bottle COD/BOD ratio 3.8, which opened up possibilities combined treatment.